The Knowledge Cutoff is a crucial parameter for LLMs. Models are unaware of events that occurred after this date and must rely on external search tools to obtain such information. The knowledge cutoff date also reveals, to some extent, the model’s training timeline and the freshness of its pre-training data.
AIone.chat compiles the release dates and knowledge cutoff dates of models from major LLM providers, along with sources. All dates are in YYYY/MM/DD format.
OpenAI Model Knowledge Cutoff Dates
OpenAI’s models released in 2025, up to GPT 5.1, did not have knowledge cutoff dates beyond September 30, 2024. Some have argued that this suggests OpenAI’s pre-training process has hit a wall. However, the subsequent release of the GPT 5.2 model updated the knowledge cutoff date to August 31, 2025.
According to a report by The Information, OpenAI has internally resolved the bottleneck encountered during pre-training in the new model.
| Model Name | Release Date | Knowledge Cutoff | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| GPT 5.2 Codex | 2025/12/19 | 2024/06/31 | X Post (not official) |
| GPT 5.2 Thinking / GPT 5.2 Instant / GPT 5.2 Pro | 2025/12/12 | 2025/08/31 | Official Model Description / Model Description / Model Description |
| GPT 5.1 Codex | 2025/11/19 | 2024/09/30 | Official Model Description |
| GPT-5.1 / GPT 5.1 Instant | 2025/11/12 | 2024/09/30 | Source / Official Documentation |
| GPT-5 / GPT-5 Chat | 2025/08/07 | 2024/09/30 | Source / Source |
| GPT-5 mini / GPT-5 nano | 2025/08/07 | 2024/05/31 | Source / Source |
| o3 / o3-pro | 2025/04/16 | 2024/06/01 | Source / Source |
| o4-mini | 2025/04/16 | 2024/06/01 | Source |
| GPT-4.1 / GPT 4.1 mini | 2025/04/14 | 2024/06/01 | Source / Source |
| o3-mini | 2025/01/31 | 2023/10/01 | Source |
| o1-preview / o1 / o1 Pro / o1-mini | 2024/09/12 | 2023/10 | Source / Source / Source |
| GPT 4o | 2024/05/13 | 2023/10/01 | Official Model Description |
Anthropic Claude Model Knowledge Cutoff Dates
Anthropic’s models have relatively recent knowledge cutoff dates, with a gap of only about six months.
Starting with the Claude 4 model series, Anthropic distinguishes between the Reliable Knowledge Cutoff and the Training Data Cutoff. The Reliable Knowledge Cutoff refers to the date up to which the model’s knowledge is most comprehensive and reliable. The Training Data Cutoff refers to the broader date range of the training data used.
| Model Name | Release Date | Reliable Knowledge Cutoff | Training Data Cutoff | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Claude Opus 4.5 | 2025/11/24 | 2025/05 | 2025/08 | Official Documentation |
| Claude Haiku 4.5 | 2025/10/15 | 2025/02 | 2025/07 | Official Documentation |
| Claude 4.5 Sonnet | 2025/09/29 | 2025/01 | 2025/07 | Source |
| Claude Opus 4.1 | 2025/08/05 | 2025/01 | 2025/03 | Source |
| Claude 4 Sonnet | 2025/05/22 | 2025/01 | 2025/03 | Source |
| Claude 3.7 Sonnet | 2025/02/24 | 2025/10 | 2024/11 | Source |
| Claude 3.5 Haiku | 2024/10/22 | / | 2024/07 | Source |
| Claude 3.5 Sonnet | 2024/06/20 | / | 2024/04 | Source |
| Claude 3 Opus / Sonnet / Haiku | 2024/03/04 | / | 2023/08 | Source |
Google Gemini Model Knowledge Cutoff
Google’s models have approximately a one-year gap between release and knowledge cutoff dates.
It is worth noting that the Gemini 3 Flash model card is very brief, even stating directly that “Gemini 3 Flash is based on Gemini 3 Pro,” and therefore shares the same knowledge cutoff date.
| Model Name | Release Date | Knowledge Cutoff | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gemini 3 Flash | 2025/12/18 | 2025/01 | Model Card |
| Gemini 3 Pro | 2025/11/18 | 2025/01 | Model Card |
| Gemini 2.5 Pro | 2025/06/17 | 2025/01 | Source |
| Gemini 2.5 Flash | 2025/06/17 | 2025/01 | Source |
| Gemini 2.0 Pro Experimental | 2025/02/05 | 2025/01 | Source |
| Gemini 2.0 Flash-Lite | 2025/02/25 | 2024/08 | Source |
| Gemini 2.0 Flash | 2025/02/05 | 2024/08 | Source |
xAI Grok Model Knowledge Cutoff
Elon Musk previously claimed that Grok models do not have a fixed knowledge cutoff date and are dynamically updated. However, this relies on the Live Search feature in the API.
xAI recently clarified on its model page that “The knowledge cut-off date of Grok 3 and Grok 4 is November, 2024.”
The fact that Grok 3 and Grok 4 share the same knowledge cutoff date indicates they have the same pre-trained model base, with Grok 4 having undergone additional RL post-training. Musk stated in a forum post that Grok 3 and 4 are based on a model with 3T total parameters.
| Model Name | Release Date | Knowledge Cutoff | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grok 4 | 2025/07/09 | 2024/11 | xAI Model Page |
| Grok 3 | 2025/02/18 | 2024/11 | xAI Model Page |
Changelog
January 4, 2026
Updated knowledge cutoff dates for xAI’s Grok models. Published English version simultaneously. You can find the Chinese version here. Clarified that the date format is Year/Month/Day to eliminate ambiguity.
December 19, 2025
Updated GPT 5.2 Codex model knowledge cutoff date. Currently cited from user feedback on X, which is unofficial information. Will be updated as official information becomes available.
December 18, 2025
Updated content related to Google Gemini 3 Flash.
December 12, 2025
Updated GPT 5.2 related information. Added explanation regarding rumors about OpenAI’s pre-training bottleneck.
December 10, 2025
Published first version, documenting model release dates, knowledge cutoffs, and sources.
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